前置

定义

本节假设函数的陪域为度量空间。
涉及到级数时,因为需要加法结构,因此要假设陪域为Banach空间。
涉及到柯西列时,需要用到完备性,因此要假设陪域为完备度量空间。
涉及到序关系时,要陪域为

  • (任意集合 度量空间) Suppose , , is a sequence of functions defined on a set , and suppose that the sequence of numbers converges for every . We can then define a function by Under these circumstances we say that converges on and that is the limit, or the limit function, of . Sometimes we shall use a more descriptive terminology and shall say that “ converges to pointwise on ” if above condition holds.
  • (任意集合 Banach 空间) If converges for every , and if we define

    the function is called the sum of the series .
  • (任意集合 度量空间) We say that a sequence of functions converges uniformly on to a function if for every there is an integer such that implies for all .
  • 是一个拓扑空间,且 是一个 Banach 空间(具备范数 ),则 表示定义域为 、取值于 的所有连续且有界的函数集合。
    • 如果 紧空间,则连续性自动蕴含了有界性,此时 包含所有连续函数。
    • 对于每个 ,我们定义其上确界范数(Supremum Norm)为:
    • 由于函数是有界的,故
    • 显然, 当且仅当对于所有 都有 (即 是零元素)。
    • 对于 ,利用 空间范数的三角不等式可知:

      因此有
  • 如果我们定义 之间的距离为 ,则 构成一个度量空间。更进一步地,由于 是 Banach 空间, 本身也成为一个 Banach 空间
  • Accordingly, closed subsets of are sometimes called uniformly closed, the closure of a set is called its uniform closure, and so on.

性质

  1. (任意集合 完备度量空间) The sequence of functions , defined on , converges uniformly on if and only if for every there exists an integer such that , , implies
  2. (任意集合 度量空间) Suppose
    Put Then uniformly on if and only if as .
  3. (任意集合 Banach 空间) Suppose is a sequence of functions defined on , and suppose Then converges uniformly on if converges.
  4. (度量空间 完备度量空间) Suppose uniformly on a set in a metric space. Let be a limit point of , and suppose that

    Then converges, and

    In other words, the conclusion is that
  5. (度量空间 完备度量空间) If is a sequence of continuous functions on , and if uniformly on , then is continuous on .
  6. (紧空间 Suppose is compact, and
    • (a) is a sequence of continuous functions on ,
    • (b) converges pointwise to a continuous function on ,
    • (c) for all
      Then uniformly on .
  7. is a complete metric space.
  8. Let be monotonically increasing on . Suppose on , for , and suppose uniformly on . Then on , and 其中表示关于 的 Riemann-Stieltjes 可积函数类。这个性质可以推广到多维,见下一条性质。
  9. 是在 上的 L-S 函数, 是一列定义在超矩形 上的函数,且每个 上关于 是 R-S 可积的。若 上一致收敛,则 上关于 也是 R-S 可积的,且
  10. 上的 L-S 函数, 是一列定义在超矩形 上的函数,且每个 上关于 R-S 可积的
    若级数 一致收敛,则 上关于 也是 R-S 可积的,且